Tire cupping is MOST likely caused by which of the following?

Tire cupping, characterized by irregular wear patterns on the tire tread, is often caused by issues with the vehicle's suspension and alignment components. Worn shock absorbers lead to a lack of dampening in the suspension system, which can result in excessive bouncing and movement of the tires, causing uneven tread wear. Similarly, wheel imbalance can create vibration that contributes to tire cupping, as an unbalanced wheel exerts uneven forces on the tire surface. Loose tie-rod ends can also lead to misalignment and erratic tire movement, further exacerbating tread wear.

Since all these conditions can independently cause tire cupping, it is understandable why the correct answer encompasses all of the causes listed. Addressing any of these issues can help restore proper tire performance and prevent further cupping.